Thursday Jun 18, 2009


Common Definitions

Let us look at Disaster Recovery (DR) and Business Continuity Planning (BCP).  

 

Disaster Recovery is the process, policies and procedures of restoring operations critical to the resumption of business, including regaining access to data, records, hardware, software, and  communications (incoming, outgoing). 

 

Business Continuity Planning (BCP) is an interdisciplinary concept used to create and validate a practiced logistical plan for how an organization. 


Two other terns that seem to turn up when discussing  Disaster Recovery are the Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and Recovery Point Objective (RPO). 



Recovery Time Objective (RTO) is the duration of time and a service level within which a business process must be restored after a disaster (or disruption) in order to avoid unacceptable consequences associated with a break in business continuity . The business continuity timeline usually runs parallel with an incident management timeline and may start at the same, or different, points. 


Recovery Point Objective  (RPO) describes the acceptable amount of data loss measured in time. The RPO is the point in time to which you must recover data as defined by your organization. This is generally a definition of what an organization determines is an "acceptable loss " in a disaster situation. If the RPO of a company is 2 hours and the time it takes to get the data back into production is 5 hours, the RPO is still 2 hours. Based on this RPO the data must be restored to within 2 hours of the disaster.   The definitions for the above terms have been provided by Wikipediai

Introduction


At several recent meetings the topic of disaster recovery has come up.  In one case it was a meeting dedicated to detailing an organization's current plans and procedures.  Another meeting to explore different alternatives that an organization may consider.  This is the basis for this document.

Let us first define a few key terms as they relate to our topic so we are all on the same page.  They have been detailed on the left border of this page for your reference.

What essential questions do you need to ask when your customer wants to talk about disaster recovery? It may be as simple as guidance with a disaster recovery plan to the more intense task of implementation of a DR site.  This is no definitive list.  It seems that the answer to each question can lead to three more questions.

As can be imagined most IT staff don't want to openly discuss this topic if they haven't planned for it. If they have planned and have tested they freely discuss and complain about the process. But they have a "tested" process. Here are a list of questions I collected in preparation for a discussion with one of our larger customers.


Questions to Ask


  1. Do you have a business continuity plan?
  2. Do you have a technology DR plan today?
  3. What kind of disaster is being anticipated that would require a recovery?
  4. Does the organization have the ability to financially support a technology DR plan in their budget?
  5. Are regular backups of data preformed at least daily?
  6. Are regular backups of the applications and operating environment preformed at least daily?
  7. Backups kept off-site?
  8. Are at lease three versions being retained?
  9. What backup technology is employed?
  10. Has a complete local recovery of key services been tested?
  11. Where is  the DR site?  Planned site?
  12. What is the distance between the two locations?
  13. What are the critical applications and services which would require DR? 
  14. What is the expected recovery time, the "Recovery Time Objective" for specific services?
  15. What is an acceptable amount of data loss, the "Recovery Point Objective" for specific services?
  16. What percentage of the application usage needs to be supported by the DR site? 
  17. What is the size of the disk storage that needs to be replicated?
  18. What percentage of the data changes daily? 
  19. How often will the data need to be replicated?
  20. How far out of date can the data be?  4 hours?, 8 hours? 24 hours?
  21. How is the DR site funded?
  22. Could the DR site be a co-location facility? 
  23. What type of access do you have to the DR site?
  24. How do you get essential staff to the DR facility and sustain/support them while working there.
  25. Will the DR facility allow access to your essential staff members?  How is access determined/limited?
  26. Can the existing networking and security infrastructure support the switchover or failover to a DR site?
  27. Can the existing client devices support the switchover or failover to a DR site?
  28. Do written procedures for computer operation exist to bring up the DR site?


The Basic Components of a Disaster Recovery Plan


  1. Define what is an acceptable loss both in terms of services provided as well as financially. Then look at the potential costs to fund the development and implementation of a plan.
  2. Everything needs to be backed up .How much of your electronic information is not being backed up and why?
  3. Organize the services and information by how critical it is to the organization.  Determine their priority. Determine how long the organization can live without them? 
  4. Protect against disasters. Most people think of natural disasters when creating a disaster recovery plan. There are nine other types of disasters .  Protect against all of them. 
  5. Document what you have done. Put it in writing.  Have it reviewed by whomever you can get to read it. Ensures that the documentation is available during and after a disaster.  Review it frequently.
  6. Repeatedly test you plan.  Most DR plans are not successful because they have not been tested. Start with a table top exercise.   Think about that. Testing the plan without leaving your office.


Summary


The main components of a DR plan are rooted with people, process, procedure, politics, and last of all technology. I have included several pointers for more information related to this topi

I would like to thank my peers for their input and review if this document.  

 

 


 

-- Frank


Wednesday Jun 03, 2009

Was recently at one of my customers.  My typical customer requires  that  I  have a badge or should be escorted while visiting their facility.  In this case I was issued a "visitor badge" which was nothing more than a small sticker with their logo, my name, and the current date.   It also stated I must be "escorted" at all times.

This particular day I was joined by 3 co-workers.  We left the customers office for a brief lunch.  On our return we were waiting in the elevator lobby for our escort to take us to his office.  While standing there we were "offered" access to the office area several times by employees entering or exiting for lunch.  They stood their politely holding the door us.  Our "visitor badge" was in plain sight.  We politely refused the offer knowing the rules.

On the way out I felt funny since I was not being escorted out.   I opened the door and there was an employee approaching the door.  He flashed his badge at me and passed me as I was exiting.  Hopefully their employee educational program covers data security policies better then their visitor policies.

-- Frank




Friday Jun 20, 2008


We were challenged recently to demonstrate the capabilities of our Sun Ray 2 technology with the embedded VPN feature to several customers that required wireless networking.  So here is what was done to showcase this technology.


We had on hand a Sun Ray 270 thin client which had the latest firmware that allows configuration of the integrated VPN.  We employed the help of a LinkSys Wireless-G Access Point  model number WAP54G revision 3.1 with firmware version  V3.04, dated December 27, 2007.  The WAP was configured via the web interface to function as a "access point client" prior to connection to the Sun Ray 270.   By doing so it allows a hard wired Ethernet device to plug in and participate on a wireless network.  To put the WAP in "access point client" mode a MAC address of the remote access point is required.  The LinkSys WAP web interface has the facility to conduct a site survey to determine existing access points and allows for the selection of a remote access point.





Here are the steps taken to get connected.
  • Insure you have a Sun Ray 2 or 270 thin client with the latest firmware with VPN capabilities.
  • Get and configure a wireless access point (WAP) via another computer.
  • Verify connection to the wireless network with that computer. 
  • Connect the WAP to the Sun Ray.
  • Power on the Sun Ray
  • If previously configured to access a VPN you will be prompted for a username and a one time password generated via a secure id device.










  • Your internal login screen will be displayed.
  • If you have deployed smart cards insert it at this point.


  • If a previous session exists you will be displayed a lock screen, Enter your password.
  • The Sun Ray should come to life and your desktop through the VPN should be displayed with the applications you had previously started.



-- Frank





Thursday May 08, 2008

 

I just received a brand new Sun Ray 270 thin client.  I have been using one at home since January 2007.   I have had one on my desk since 2000 and have used them in many of the Sun Offices across the US.   The purpose of this new unit is to replace an aging Sun Ray 150 which had been used for years to show off Sun Microsystems thin client technology at various marketing events.   We also use a  Sun Ray 150 in our conference room for customer meetings and product briefings.


One of the new features of the  Sun Ray 270 is the built in VPN capabilities. It is enabled through the latest firmware release.  To deploy a remote Sun Ray used for access into Sun's internal network a CISCO 831 router with VPN access was required.  With the latest firmware the VPN client is now integrated into the Sun Ray platform.  No longer is the costly external CISCO 831 router required.

The unit arrived without the latest firmware so the hunt was on to locate the commands to apply it.   I realized my new unit was down a revision by the absence of the advanced commands such as STOP-S, STOP-M, or ALT-V.  They are the new Sun Ray Hot Keys.

 

Sun Ray 270 Hot Keys 

 STOP-S  Bring you to the configuration menu
 STOP-M  Bring you to the configuration menu
 ALT-V or Control+Pause+V  Displays the firmware version    (CoronaP2. . . . .)
 Control+Pause+C

  Clears all configuration data stored in the DTU. 


I was able to install the firmware via the /opt/SUNWut/lib/utload command.  The Sun Ray Server must be running version 4.0 or greater.  Once the latest firmware was installed the advanced STOP-S keys now work.  I checked the version number of the firmware with the ALT-v keys.  It included the string VPN in the version number so I must have the correct firmware installed.  

Now it's on to configuring the Sun Ray 270 to be a VPN client.  First I checked to see that it would still work as a Sun Ray client before enabling the VPN.   It still worked just fine.   To start the process of VPN configuration the STOP-S keys are depressed.  A configuration menu is displayed.  The main menu consists of the following selections:

  • Servers: To set the names of the Sun Ray Servers (more then one is suggested), firmware download server, and log server. 
  • TCP/IP:  To set IP addressing
  • DNS:  To set the domain name, the name servers, and search path.
  • VPN/IPsec:  To enable the VPN client and identify a VPN gateway.  A group name, group key, username and password
  • Authentication:  To set an authentication type, HTTP or none. 
  • Security: Lets you set a password to secure the firmware configuration.
  • Status: Displays the firmware version number.
  • Advanced Settings (bandwidth, video and save configuration): Bandwidth may be limited if needed.  The "Video” feature allows you to force a screen blank if the screenlock isn't doing it properly. You can  store all the configuration in a file and retrieve it via  tftp.  This is a  way to streamline the configuration of many units  at a time.  

I configured it for my specific environment in a mater of minutes.  Inserted my smart card (Sun ID) and entered my password.   Jazz music started to play from KKJZ 88.1 FM of Long Beach, California and my email client with several unread messages appeared.  All of this information can be found in the Sun Ray Server Software Collection located on Sun's Online Documentation site http://docs.sun.com 

Don't overlook the power savings of a Sun Ray 270.  See Clay's World for a recent blog entry on power savings in a lab environment.


--Frank

 


 

 

Friday Apr 04, 2008

screen shot

One of the up and coming computer based solutions in the security space is video surveillance.  You may say to yourself "hey video surveillance isn't new".  Well it's not.  It's what is being done with the video after it leaves the camera that is new.  Commonly call CCTV or Closed Circuit Television these cameras have been analog based.  The cameras are connected to a central location via coax cable.  One cable per camera to the central location.  The cameras also require electric power to function.  Far more than 90% of the surveillance systems installed today are analog based.  Similar to the VCR technology rather tan DVR technology. Technology in this space is changing vary rapidly.


The AXIS 223M Network CameraA new breed of camera is available by nearly ten vendors which offer  IP connectivity with many other advanced features. IP being "Internet Protocol" which is commonly spoken between computers on a network.  These new cameras include low light adjusting, infrared, remote control pan and zoom.  They can be set to record only when motion is detected.   These new video cameras are even powered by the Ethernet network that they are connected to.  That translates into lower wiring costs.   Some based on a small internal PC board can store up video and send it as requested.  Some hove wireless network interfaces too.

 

When the total cost of a solution is examined analog cameras cost $2K to $3K each while a similar digitalAXIS 225FD Fixed Dome Network Camera solution would cost $1.5 to $2K per camera.  The initial purchase costs are higher then traditional CCTV cameras but the new features are extensive.


I have found that the market space is young but the players in the space are in some cases very mature.  Many have existing analog based solutions.    For more information on  Sun Microsystems Video Surveillance Solutions follow the link.

 

-- Frank

 


 

Thursday Feb 14, 2008

 

A friend of mine has pointed out that if you are using an older version of the browser Mozilla or Fire Fox you have the ability to save the page you are viewing as postscript. Then with any old text editor you can go into the postscript file and change the information as you see fit.

 

In the case of online airline check in, a security hole has been brought to my attention. Someone can display and print a boarding pass. They also can save it to a file and edit it. Changing the flight number, date and time this allows someone with a questionable background access beyond the airport security check points. Of course if an airline is using some type of scanning as part of their boarding process they should not get access to the plane.

 

-- Frank 

 


 

 

Thursday Feb 07, 2008

Just before the Super Bowl a friend of mine asked me what I would do if I were giving my computer away. My advice was to backup or save their files. They can save them to CD-ROMs or a thumb drive. I advised him to make sure that the media you copy it to is readable after you are complete. In other words verify you can read what was written. A testing of your backup.

I then suggested that he reformat his hard disk and reload the operating system. Once complete, verify that all of your personal information no longer exists on the computer disk(s).

This should prevent personal information from getting into the wrong hands. It may even prevent "Identity Theft" and the headache of cleaning up after someone has charged that large screen TV on your credit card.

It's your personal data. Don't spread it around.


-- Frank




Monday Feb 04, 2008

 

I was asked to assist someone with a "computer" problem they were having recently. As soon as I sat down in front of their personal computer I noticed their personal firewall was "disabled". I questioned why it was disabled. They replied that some application they had attempted to use did not work. So they turned it off. I asked how long had it been disabled? They indicated a few days. While fixing their original problem I updated their virus protection software with the latest files. It had been many months since their virus definitions had been updated. So "Keep Your Guard Up"!

 

-- Frank 

 


 

Monday Dec 18, 2006


Lately a week never passes without the arrival in the US mail of one of those credit cards that has a name like "Your Name Here" or a series of numbers like 1234 123456 12345 on it.











Recently heard a story about a guy that had used his credit card in a restaurant for lunch on a Friday. On Monday morning he gets a call from his credit card company warning him that numerous unusual purchases had been over the weekend. He looks in his wallet and finds one of those fake "Your Name Here" credit cards where he would normally keep his card. It appears that when he paid for his lunch the staff returned a fake card instead of his.

So make sure you get "your" credit card back after each and every transaction.

In case you don't get your credit card back after a transaction here is a helpful pointer to the Federal Trade Commission's page on Credit, ATM and Debit Cards: What to do if They're Lost or Stolen.


-- Frank




Tuesday Nov 07, 2006

Was in lower Manhattan yesterday between customer meetings. Walking across Cedar Street to Broadway very near Wall Street. I passed a FedEX truck with the rear door open. A stack of boxes sitting on the sidewalk. All unattended. As I passed I noticed one of the boxes was clearly marked in bold lettering Iron Mountain. I got to the end of the block before thinking of getting a photo if they were still there. So I returned to get this snapshot, the boxes still unattended.

Do you think this customer entended to have their data or backup tapes out on display for all to see on Cedar Street?  Do you think they were protected in some way?


I sure hope my personal information isn't on these tapes.


-- Frank




Tuesday Oct 31, 2006

Was at a meeting last week where a number of participates had their laptops with them and used them extensively. Some were personally owned while others were owned by their employer. Not sure what the mix was.

I did not notice it until a colleague called it to my attention. All of the participants had left the room leaving their laptops unattended. This made for an easy grab by an untrustworthy individual. The meeting room was near an outside entrance. It was just off a restaurant lounge area which had a high volume of people traffic.

No wonder so many laptops and PDA's disappear each year. From a positive standpoint I feel confident that no one would find personal records of 30,000 employees, but I do know that company proprietary and confidential information was on every laptop. Could be very damaging to company direction and corporate image.

We have let our guard down! Think before you leave your laptop in public places or it may be your CNN moment. Don't be That Guy . . .

 

--Frank

 


 

 

Monday Oct 16, 2006

 

Today I had to reset my password on two of my web based accounts. Managing these all to familiar accounts has become a real chore for me. The root of the problem is that I refuse to write them down on a post-it note and my memory isn't as sharp as it once was. Like most of you I too will use several variations of the same word or words. Now these new Web 2.0 based systems have started to report back that I have used this password once before, it is too similar to the current password, or has to have more then one symbol in addition to alphanumerics.

I have also found it isn't always my failing memory that has denied me access. Each time I needed to access one of my employee health benefit accounts the password I had set at last use was not excepted and had to be reset. To my surprise my wife had been using the same account and would have the password reset each time she would need to access it. How could this be?

At home recently we had a problem with the monitor on our personal computer. As I was troubleshooting the problem I moved the monitor to find my wife's own post-it note with more then a half dozen username password combinations stuck under the monitor base. So it's not just me having problems. When confronted she commented that most of the time she couldn't find her list of passwords. So good luck to some specificly looking for them.

Extremely perplexed by the situation I turned to Google for advice and to my surprise here is what the Microsoft and Sun security experts had to say:

Microsoft's Jesper Johansson

Sun's Dr. Whitfield Diffie

Well the experts say it's ok to write them down?

-- Frank

 


 

 

This blog copyright 2009 by FrankWickham