Life and Work in Hong Kong Fragrant Harbour 香港

Thursday Jul 23, 2009

I'm often asked by friends overseas if the air pollution in Hong Kong is really that bad. My answer is it depends on whether you're talking about a good day or a bad day.

Good day:

Bad day:


These pictures are from November of last year and were taken with the same camera, from the same position, at the same time of day but about a week apart. I've noticed that the pollution seems to be much reduced in the last few months, roughly coinciding with the global economic meltdown. Hong Kong is just south of China's Pearl River Delta, a very industrialized region that uses a lot of coal. I suspect the slowdown in factory production may be the cause.

Monday Jul 20, 2009

One of my responsibilities as an attorney at Sun Microsystems is to act as a resource on software licensing issues. I tend to get a lot of questions from Sun customers about “open source” software, so I thought it might be interesting to explore this topic over a series of Blog entries.

The phrase “open source” is used fairly casually nowadays but it has a lot of history (and  perhaps a bit of acrimony) behind it. My impression is that most people think software is “open source” as long as the source code for such software is freely available. Another fairly common perception seems to be that “open source” software is “free”, as in available at no charge.

Both of these perceptions could be correct depending on the context but they don't tell the whole story. In order to explain, I'll need to delve into some of the history I mentioned earlier.

In late 1983, a computer scientist named Richard Stallman launched the GNU project, an initiative to develop an operating system free of restrictions on its source code. Stallman was apparently frustrated by his inability to freely access the source code for a printer driver.

In a document called the GNU Manifesto, Stallman argued that freely sharing source code was a social imperative and that proprietary distribution models were fragmenting the programmer community to the detriment of all.

Stallman's vision evolved into the “Free Software” definition. This definition requires that software permits its users to use that software for any purpose, to study how it operates, to modify/improve it, and to re-distribute it (either at no cost or for a fee). If software does not meet these criteria, it should not be considered “Free Software”. (A more detailed definition and discussion of the Free Software Definition can be found here.)

Just like Free Software, the phrase “open source” is also used as a formal definition to refer to software that meets a specific set of criteria. The Open Source Definition was created in 1998 by a group of computer scientists who wanted to create a more practical and business friendly approach to Free Software. In the words of the Open Source Initiative, their goal was to “dump the moralizing and confrontational attitude that had been associated with "free software" in the past and sell the idea strictly on the same pragmatic, business-case grounds”.

To qualify as “open source” under the Open Source Definition, software must give users the ability to re-distribute (either at no cost or for a fee), grant a right of integrity of the author, meet certain non-discrimination requirements, and permit use of the software for any purpose. An annotated list of the Open Source criteria can be found here.

In summary then, Open Source and Free Software are two distinct models for software licensing and distribution, each with its own set of mandatory criteria expressed through a formal definition.

Some of the confusion on this topic arises from the fact that “Open Source” has a specific meaning (as per the Open Source Definition), but is also used generically to refer to ANY software that makes its source code freely available. Used generically, “open source” can refer to either Open Source Software (as per the Open Source Definition) or Free Software (as per the Free Software Definition)!

These distinctions probably seem a bit arcane to anyone who isn't a programmer, lawyer or masochist. Since the creation of the Open Source and Free Software Definitions, other definitions have been created that are intended to embrace both models. One such example is Free and Open Source Software, which is referred to as F/OSS but I'll leave that for another Blog entry.

Next Entry: Is the Pollution Really that Bad?

Attribution: "Confusion of Tongues" used above is in the public domain. =)

Sunday May 03, 2009

Hong Kong has recorded its first case of the H1N1 virus (aka the "Swine Flu"). According to the Associated Press, an unidentified 25 year old man visiting Hong Kong (via Shanghai) from Mexico tested positive for H1N1 on Friday afternoon.

The response from the Hong Kong health authorities has been immediate and comprehensive. The hotel where the man stayed on Thursday and Friday has literally been sealed off along with guests and employees who will be quarantined for seven days and treated with the anti-viral drug Tamiflu. Authorities are in the process of tracking down anyone who may have had close contact with the man, from fellow passengers on his flight from Mexico to the taxi driver who picked him up from the Hong Kong airport. Medical professionals were recalled from the Labour Day (May 1) holiday and are on stand-by at local hospitals.

Hong Kong was hit hard by the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ("SARS") in 2003 and does not look like it will be caught off guard again. Regarding H1N1, so far so good. Although it's too soon to say for sure, no further infections have been reported and life seems to be going on normally. I was out on Saturday and Sunday and the malls and restaurants were just as crowded as ever.

Next Entry: What is "Open Source" Anyway?

Sunday Apr 26, 2009

The title of this Blog entry is not hyperbole on my part. According to Guinness World Records, the Mongkok area has the highest population density of anywhere on Earth, with an estimated 130,000 people per square kilometer. 

Mongkok is a commercial/residential area located in central Kowloon. The Chinese characters for Mongkok (“旺角”) mean “busy corner” and this too is no exaggeration. Mongkok is a hive of activity even by Hong Kong standards.

Day or night, the narrow streets are crammed with seemingly endless flows of people. Mongkok is a mecca for shoppers and youth culture and has many malls crammed with floor after floor of kiosks selling vintage denim, Gothic jewelry, Anime, or Japanese toys and gadgets.

Mongkok has plenty of restaurants but is also home to carts selling “street food” such as deep fried peppers and shrimp paste, thick oily noodles smothered in sweet soy sauce, curry fish balls, chou dofu (aka stinky tofu), barbecued pork buns, and dumplings filled with anything you could imagine (and some things you'd probably rather not know about). When I was young (and reckless), I often ate at such places. 

Mongkok is also famous for its open air street markets, most notably the “Lady's Market” in Nathan Street. These markets are a chaotic menagerie of clothing, electronics, housewares, cosmetics, gadgets and jewelry. The closest visual image to Mongkok markets that I can think of are the city scenes from Blade Runner where Deckard is trying to have a bowl of Ramen at a street stall.

Years ago, Mongkok was a hotbed for pirated software and DVDs. One could browse past stall after stall of vendors selling current releases for a fraction of their legitimate retail price. From time to time the police would raid these pirate dens and the stalls would drop heavy steel shutters over the fronts of their stores, folding up like armored flowers.

In later years, the pirate organizations grew more sophisticated and started using spotters with radios to give advance warning of approaching police. Another pirate technique involved showing customers only pictures of products. Point to the picture of what you want, pay, and a runner would then pick-up your illicit booty from a hidden location. 

Nowadays, illicit software and DVDs are much less common but can still be found if you look hard enough. Sometimes the pirates will find you; a few weeks ago I was literally approached in the street by a wiry old man who whispered in Cantonese accented English, “You want DVD?”

Mongkok also is home to Hong Kong's unofficial red-light district. Prostitution is technically legal although the police keep an active look out for Triad and other criminal activity in the area.

The Urban Renewal Authority, a government agency, is apparently working to clean up areas like Mongkok. As a part of this initiative, a huge office/retail/hotel complex called Langham Place was opened in 2004 (see my earlier post "Christmas in Fragrant Harbour” for a picture of the Langham Place Atrium). This gleaming high-tech tower seems a bit incongruous against a backdrop of older, shorter, slightly scabrous buildings but I suppose in some ways this is the future of Hong Kong.

Attribution: Image of Aerial View of Mongkok  © 2009 Wing, Image of Street Food © 2004 Natalie Cheng, image of Nelson Street © Sdata, all reproduced here under the GNU Free Documentation License. Image of Langham Place © 2008 Baycrest reproduced here under the Creative Commons Atribution 2.5 License.

Sunday Feb 01, 2009

This past Sunday, I decided to try a little experiment for the sake of my next Blog entry.

I got up and walked to a local bakery (Delifrance) to have a cup of coffee. Then I hopped on the MTR or “Mass Transit Railway” (Hong Kong's primary rail system) and took a train into Central, a commercial district on Hong Kong island. I wandered around for a bit before having lunch at McDonalds (guilty pleasure). I then caught a matinee at IFC Cinema. After the movie, I picked up a coffee at Starbucks (can't get too much caffeine, even on a Sunday) and then went to do some grocery shopping at ParkNShop (ironic name, since most people in Hong Kong take public transit). I also went to Watson's (a drug store) to grab some toothpaste. It was now past 5 PM so I caught another train back home. Since I was loaded with groceries, I took a local bus back to my apartment rather than walk. A little later that evening, Big Mac related remorse set in so I went to the gym for a workout. While at the gym, I grabbed a bottle of water from a vending machine.

Apart from the clothes on my back and my house key, I took absolutely nothing with me, no cash, coins, credit cards, or ID, not a single thing, except for this:

My Octopus Card.

The Octopus Card is a smart card that is used in Hong Kong for electronic payments and identification. Originally developed for fare payment on the MTR, the Octopus Card was quickly adopted for a range of other applications. Today Octopus Cards can be used on virtually any of Hong Kong's public transportation systems, from buses to trams to ferries. They are accepted at certain grocery stores, department stores, drug stores, fast food restaurants, and convenience stores. You can use an Octopus Card to pay for parking (both at a parking meter and in a lot), use a pay phone, or buy snacks from vending machines. Octopus Cards are also used for identification at certain residential buildings (like my apartment), sports complexes, and Hong Kong schools (where they are sometimes used to take attendance, much to the chagrin of local students no doubt).

The key component of an Octopus Card is an embedded radio frequency identification ("RFID") chip. This RFID chip can also be integrated into other devices. There are Octopus wristbands, Octopus mobile phone covers, Octopus keychains, Octopus jewelry (see below left), and even Octopus watches (see below right). Ok, I admit that I might be a bit of a techno-geek but I find the idea of paying for groceries, lunch, or even beer (!) with my watch indescribably cool. 

An Octopus Card costs $150 HKD or about $20 USD. $50 HKD of this amount is a refundable deposit and the other $100 HKD is credited to the card. There are a few ways to add more funds. You can do it yourself at a self-service kiosk located in any MTR station in Hong Kong. You can also have your Octopus Card linked to your credit card so that it automatically gets topped up when low. If you want the human touch, you can add funds at an MTR customer service desk or at certain grocery stores and convenience stores.  

One of the arguable drawbacks to the Octopus system is the potential loss of privacy of its users. Assuming you use your Octopus Card for identity purposes or link it to your credit card, your movements and purchases could theoretically be tracked and monitored. London uses a smart card system similar to Octopus called “Oyster”, with one key difference being that Oyster can only be used to pay transit fees and not for other purposes. Police have apparently used Oyster data for law enforcement purposes; presumably such use is subject to appropriate judicial oversight.

As far as I am aware, Hong Kong residents do not seem overly concerned with Octopus related privacy issues. I've spoken to friends and colleagues and they feel that the benefits of Octopus outweigh the potential privacy issues. Statistics seem to bear this out. According to Octopus Cards Limited, the company managing the Octopus system, approximately 95% of Hong Kong residents between the ages of 10 to 65 use Octopus. An average of 10 million Octopus transactions take place every day, with a total value of $85 million HKD or about $11 million USD.

So if you're visiting Hong Kong for more than a couple of days, and are not bothered by the potential privacy issue, I highly recommend picking up an Octopus Card (available at the airport). They're very convenient and you can take the card with you when you leave as a souvenir (and use it again the next time you return to Fragrant Harbour).

And in case you`re wondering, yes, there is a Hello Kitty limited edition Octopus.

Next Entry: The Most Crowded Place in the World

Attribution: Image of McDonalds Octopus reader © 2005 Juntung Wu reproduced here under the GNU Free Documentation License. All other images are in the public domain. 

Wednesday Dec 17, 2008

My next entry was supposed to be about Hong Kong's ubiquitous Octopus Card but I thought you might be interested to see what Christmas looks like in the South China Seas.

Victoria Harbour, as seen from the Star Ferry Terminal in Tsim Sha Tsui.

The Peninsula Hotel.

Langham Place.

Harbour City.

Next Entry: This is My Octopus Card.

Attribution: All images © 2008 Maxwell Leveson.

Sunday Nov 23, 2008


Welcome Fragrant Harbour, my Blog about living and working in Hong Kong!

I have family in Hong Kong (on my Mother`s side) and in August of this year I moved there permanently as a part of an internal transfer with Sun Microsystems. As a child, Hong Kong always seemed to me to be a strange, mysterious place full of wonders and the years have not changed my perspective.

I can still clearly remember, during my first visit, the excitement of watching the glittering canyons of buildings emerge from the darkness of the South China Seas as we approached Kai Tak Airport at night. (Kai Tak is gone now but certainly not forgotten, least of all by the pilots who had to make occasionally dramatic landings among the mountainous and heavily populated terrain.)

The words "Fragrant Harbour" are an approximate translation of the Chinese characters for Hong Kong (“香港") . The origin of this name can supposedly be traced to the aroma of incense that was processed in various places around Hong Kong and Kowloon. Ironically, the "fragrance" you're likely to smell in Hong Kong nowadays is that of sulfur dioxide, mostly due to the heavy industrialization of southern China.
Pollution aside, I think the name ``Fragrant Harbour`` still fits. It is somehow evocative of Hong Kong's mystery and traditions. It is a place where dragons creep down from the mountains at night to drink (more on this later), where massive typhoons ("台风") sweep in from the Northwest Pacific every summer, where the harmonious balance of spiritual energy ("风水" or "Feng Shui`) is a critical part of both life AND business. Testing

Hong Kong also has an amazingly rich history. Human settlement in the area dates back approximately 30,000 years. It has been the temporary home of China`s Imperial Court (during a Mongol invasion in 1276) and bloodthirsty pirates (such as Zheng Yi Sao, pirate Queen of the South China Seas, shown in an illustration to the right) alike. It has survived (and thrived) under a host of catastrophes including war, invasion, economic collapse, riots, pandemics, fires, and flooding to name but a few.

With this kind of background, I don't think I'll have much of a problem with subject matter for Blogging. Some of the topics I plan to cover include local temples and shrines, wet markets, piracy (of intellectual property not doubloons), Feng Shui, public transportation, spiritual beliefs, architecture, food, climate...I could go on and on. I also plan to touch on some topics related to my role as an attorney within Sun Microsystems.

So please join me once a month for another aspect of living and working in Fragrant Harbour, a mysterious port at the gates of the Middle Kingdom.

Attribution: Image of Nathan Road © 2007 Eckhard Pecher reproduced here under the Attribution 2.5 Generic License. Image of burning incense © 2006 David Wilmont reproduced here under the Attribution ShareAlike 2.0 License. All other images are in the public domain.