Sun Ray Bandwidth vs. Citrix
One of the most misunderstood things about any thin client protocol is the required bandwidth. At Sun we tell customers that you should have 384 Kbps per live session for a good user experience. Citrix however uses a marketing number of "on average" 20 Kbps per second.
A smart person should ask exactly how long the period of time that average is over and what was the user doing. Sadly I don't run into too many smart people when talking about thin client bandwidth. Usually they miss the key word "average" and ask why the Sun Ray protocol (Appliance Link Protocol, or ALP) needs so much more than Citrix. As you can imagine this difference causes great concern over where to place devices in remote office scenarios. Should the Sun Ray Server be kept local to the DTU’s to minimize network traffic? Can Citrix really operate @ 20 Kbps while displaying a full screen 24 bit desktop? You decide (Note to viewers...My voice is not lispy like that..damn flash compression!)
Note that this is not an exercise to bash Citrix. I have nothing but love and respect for Citrix. They have great software and vision. Furthermore no other company has done more to advance thin client computing than Citrix. This is an attempt to seperate marketing speak from the facts. The only thing worse than letting marketing folks speak to technical details is having executive types regurgitate marketing speak about technical details. The only bad thing I can say about Citrix is that they won't wake up and smell the Java and write a recent ICA Client for Solaris x86.
So what can we say about averages? Really nothing. Averages are about as useful in recommending thin client bandwidth needs as they are for telling you how to dress for Las Vegas. Las Vegas has an average temperature of 75 degrees. What that average doesn't tell you though is that it is not uncommon for summer temps to near 120 degrees and winter temps to get in the 30 degree ranges. You could wind up either suffering from heat stroke or freezing to death if you dressed for the average.
So let's compare apples and apples and drop the term average and see what Sun Ray requires and what Citrix requires doing relatively the same thing. First let me explain the test environment so you can duplicate it on your own.
Hardware
The following hardware was used for testing:
Desktop Unit = Sun Ray 1G
Monitor = 24" LCD @ 1920x1200
Sun Ray Server = Sun Ray V250
Dual 1.2 GHz UIII-i Processors
8 GB RAM
Citrix Server = Sun W2100Z
Dual AMD Opteron 246 (2 GHz)
2 GB RAM
Windows PC (for ICA Client Tests)
Dual AMD Opteron 246 (2 GHz)
2 GB RAM
Software
The Following Software was used:
Solaris 9 Update 7
Sun Ray Server 3.1
Citrix ICA Client for Solaris SPARC 8.26
Citrix Presentation Server 4.0 (Windows)
Windows 2003 Server SP1
OpenOffice 2.0 (Solaris)
Microsoft Office 2003 (Windows)
Firefox 1.0.7 (Solaris)
Mozilla Thunderbird 1.0.7 (Solaris/Windows)
Internet Explorer (Windows)
Windows XP Professional SP2 (Citrix Client)
Citrix Metaframe Program Neighborhood 9.0 (Windows)
Network Monitoring
All network traffic was measured by using Ethereal Network protocol analyzer. Ethereal was executed on both the Citrix Server and the Sun Ray Server. One instance of Ethereal monitored the data between the Citrix Server and the PC and another instance monitored the traffic between the Sun Ray Server and the Sun Ray DTU. Filters were then used to remove any other network traffic that did not pertain to the test.
Methodology
To simulate what a typical office worker might do, a 10 minute routine was performed by an actual person. While it is possible to automate these routines with scripting technologies, this method of testing does not represent the keystrokes and the mouse movements that a real user would create. The productivity test was comprised of the following actions:
Log in
Check email
Respond to three emails
Download two attachments (less than 1 Mb each) to from two separate emails
Open a new word processing document. Type the following paragraph into document and save:
---
Enterprise deployments indicate that only 25-40% of DTU’s in a failover group are typically active at any given time. For example, recent samples taken from a campus with nearly 1450 Sun Ray terminals only 433 DTU, or 30%, were active.
Utilization will vary by the role of the user. For example, a call center may have much higher usage rate since the agents are using their terminals more often than an average office worker.
---
Watch PowerPoint presentation
Surf these web logs:
http://blogs.sun.com/ThinGuy
http://blogs.sun.com/christophersaul
http://blogs.sun.com/jonathan
View Excel spread sheet. Scroll up and down and change tabs.
Surf to CNN.com and view this URL
http://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/europe/10/14/dutch.arrests
Check email again
Logout
Test Cases
Since the goal of this test is to help foster decisions on proper equipment placement in a network topology, it is important that each protocol was observed separately to get their utilization numbers. For the Sun Ray tests, a Gnome desktop was used via a Sun Ray Desktop Unit to perform the productivity test.
Likewise a traditional PC running Windows XP Professional and the Citrix Metaframe Program Neighborhood Client for Windows was used to gather statistics about the ICA sessions for the productivity test.
Results
First, let's talk "averages". Doing these tests the Sun Ray "averaged" 230 Kbps. Citrix averaged 268 Kbps.
What???? What happened to the 20 Kbps marketing number? Did I mention what my "average" Sun Ray bandwidth is while I'm travelling? Do you want to buy some ocean front property in Nevada?
Here are the ethereal graphs for each:
First the Sun Ray results:

Next is the Citrix graph:

There's the proof in black and white. Well, more colors than that, but you get the point. Or do you? Let's drop the averages and look at the "actual" bandwidth used for each so we can see how high each protocol peaked.
Again let's look at the Sun Ray data:

Now let's look at Citrix:

So what does this tell us? It shows us the performing the same tasks, Sun Ray not only required less bandwidth "on average", but is also required less peak bandwidth. Sun Ray peaked around 3 Mbps while Citrix peaked over 4 Mpbs. Quite a difference from 20 Kbps don't you think?
Let's graph that:

Hopefully these results will be somewhat eye opening to those out there that are suckers for marketing speak. We've simply got a killer protocol in Sun Ray server. When you consider that the Sun Ray does all this with a 100 Mhz CPU, no OS, zero administration of the desktop, can mount USB mass storage, scanners, HID devices, etc, it's really a very interesting device. A life changing device if I can steal a line from Bob Doolittle.
The bottom line is that you cannot trust averages, or at very least you must understand what the average consists of. Thin client bandwidths are self throttling and will use the bandwidth you give them. You need to run your own tests with real users, real applications, and don't average the results.
Or perhaps a simpler explanation is that marketing folks don't understand the difference in Kbps and KBps.

Any idea of how RDP fits into the mix?
Posted by John Clingan on December 03, 2005 at 10:02 PM PST #
Posted by ThinGuy on December 03, 2005 at 10:05 PM PST #
Posted by William R. Walling on December 04, 2005 at 02:53 PM PST #
Posted by Hans-Juergen Neumaier on December 04, 2005 at 11:49 PM PST #
Posted by Steve Jackson on December 06, 2005 at 04:23 PM PST #
Yes you need SANE, which we include on the SRSS Companion CD.
http://www.sun.com/download/products.xml?id=431494c9
You also need the SUNWlibusb package from the supplemental directory of the SRSS 3.1 CD (or download). I don't do much with scanners, but will look at our internal list of tested scanners and post them.
Posted by ThinGuy on December 06, 2005 at 07:22 PM PST #
Posted by Citrix Guy on December 07, 2005 at 06:33 AM PST #
, Cool name!
I think you are either missing my point, or helping me make it. You speak of a rule of thumb, which in plain speak really means an average. Question: Would you provision exactly 20 Kbps per Citrix user of a full screen desktop, in effect locking them to that speed? Or do you mean that on average a single published application (most likely a data entry or ERP type application), perhaps with reduced colors, no audio, etc can operate with in that average?
I'm not arquing that 20 Kbps is a false average, I'm telling the user to be wary of averages.
Given the bandwidth available today, most WAN's are operation @ LAN speed. It's not uncommon for my customers to have T3's connecting offices from the US to as far away as India with the only major difference over LAN behavior is latency.
It's also true that thin client network noise scares many Network (LAN/MAN/WAN) administrators even though it can be proven that typical PC's use more bandwidth.
Thin client protocols including ALP, ICA, RDP are very bursty but there is a low end required for a good user experience and that number is not 20Kbps.
Like your mention of 5-6 users on a T1, that's part of the problem. People buy T1's (or higher), not 20 Kbps lines so you can in effect "get away" with an average of 20 Kbps because people are "idle" for much of the day, and almost nobody is doing something at the same time.
Banks, callcenters, etc where the users are "doing something" all at once are the customers that get the raw end of that average and feel they've been lied to.
Performance is king in the eye of the end user who's PC you just replaced. Low bandwidth is great, but it has to perform, not just at a point that they can "do something", but so that don't notice that they are using a thin client.
Finally, The value of Citrix is much more than bandwidth. I'm a fan a Citrix, I'm not a fan of misleading marketing.
Let me put it this way, @ Sun with our 30K Sun Rays, we see an average of 50 Kbps but if you were to attempt to use it over a 50 Kbps line or restrict the BW to 50 Kbps it would be extremely painful.
Being an end customer would you rather hear the bandwidth required for a good user experience, or would you want to hear an average not knowing how long that average was over, what the user was doing, color depth, screen size, full desktop or single data entry application?
Posted by ThinGuy on December 07, 2005 at 08:14 AM PST #
Posted by Citrix Guy on December 08, 2005 at 07:01 AM PST #
You seem to want to turn this into a pissing contest between Citrix and Sun Ray. They are two different things and they happen t work very well together. This article is to show that people keep missing the term "average".
The Sun Ray provides a full desktop, there is no client OS to manage or to run the way typical Citrix instances are deployed. Like publishing key applications via PN Agent or hitting the web interface via a local instance of IE (both of which need to be "managed").
Answering a few other of your points:
You keep getting "averages" and required bandwidth confused. Are you telling me that if an ICA session transmits 7 MB of data over an hour it did so @ 15 Kbps the whole time? Or did it did it spike much higher and the rest of the time it was idle? How often does a single ICA session spike and consume 100% of the frame links bandwidth?
I don't need a Shunra box as I can use Dummynet. Furthermore, I don't need to simulate a WAN as we have this deployed through Sun. City offices connect to our campuses. Our call center in India connects to the US.
LAN testing is not pointless. ICA will use what you give it as will RDP and ALP. I'm not saying Sun Ray is right for dial up, but when comparing apples to apples (a full desktop doing the same tasks), Sun Ray uses about the same as Citrix when people are "working". Should I have kept the meter running while the user was idle to get a 24 hour average?
In cases where Frame/SATCOM or other real low bandwidth or high latency technologies are used, we don't do remote Sun Rays.
I've been deploying/testing/using Citrix since it was WinView, I know all about the dialup business. Acceptable with a 3.51 or NT4 GUI does not equal acceptable to a modern gui such as Luna.
You'll never understand the value of Sun Ray until you try one, let me know if I can help arrange that.
Posted by ThinGuy on December 08, 2005 at 09:18 AM PST #
Posted by Ronald on December 09, 2005 at 04:34 AM PST #
Posted by Murugan on December 10, 2005 at 08:16 AM PST #
Posted by Damien Jorgensen on December 20, 2005 at 01:24 AM PST #
Posted by Drew on December 21, 2005 at 08:37 AM PST #
Posted by Purveyor on December 23, 2005 at 08:17 AM PST #
Posted by Roland Sassen on December 29, 2005 at 11:54 AM PST #
Posted by Jim Thwarps on January 24, 2006 at 09:28 PM PST #
Posted by ALEX on February 14, 2006 at 03:51 PM PST #
Posted by ALEX on February 15, 2006 at 08:55 AM PST #
Posted by Curt Cox on May 04, 2006 at 10:16 AM PDT #
Hello together,
even so it's an old entry I would like to refresh it, if possible. I have read through the "old" discussions and even so I'm a Citrix person I agree the bandwith is a minimum. But I miss something, what is with seemsless applications? Everybody is talking about Desktop access etc. but Citrix was never the Desktop, therefor you can use TS, it was around using a single application from your desktop whithout having another Desktop session to run your apps. Is there an actual comparission for the new Citrix Desktop Server or XenDesktop with the actual version of Sun Ray - I mean various things have been changed and I assume both products have advanced in usage and scalablilty in all areas?
Thanks Carsten
Posted by Carsten on February 12, 2008 at 03:59 AM PST #
You should look at Expand Networks and their plug-ins for thin protocols. The only vendor who can accelerate and compress further protocols like ICA, RDP and SunRay..and it works and fixes problems that even BW upgarde cant!
Posted by WanOP Fan on June 16, 2008 at 10:02 PM PDT #
Assuming you really did the same tasks in both setups and "ica" takes 10 minutes to complete and "alp" takes 13 minutes to complete then it's clear to me that the max bandwidth for "ica" will be higher since you pushed it more. If you finished the tasks as fast as possible on both, I would take 10 minutes "ica" over 13 minutes of "alp" any day of the week and twice on Sunday!!!
Posted by Ny Whe on July 28, 2008 at 05:54 PM PDT #
ThinGuy,
For someone that is just getting into the SunRay thing this was a great article. The example is perfect and I was just on a conference call yesterday where the discussion came up about bandwidth. This is great and keep sharing the knowledge as I will be a loyal follower.
Thanks
Rob
Posted by rob Jaudon on September 26, 2008 at 11:14 AM PDT #
Posted by Brian Madden on October 28, 2008 at 02:20 AM PDT #
Thin Guy - great post and (in general) really good follow up comments.
Quick question: is ALP compressed, or would it benefit from WAN compression? Also, do you generally see folk deploy with ARC4 encryption enabled, or not?
Thinking there are opportunities to reduce the WAN impact as it appears uncompressed based on looking at info on SLIM (which is ALP by another name, correct?)
Thanks,
Steve
Posted by Steve from Singapore on November 12, 2008 at 11:18 PM PST #
Hi Thin Guy,
I like your approach to the test and your objectivity. However, I have to state that there is a flaw which you have already admitted to. Citrix and Sunray are 2 different solutions to achieve the same goal. Thin Clients. the 20 kbps claim is the AVERAGE I use when I solution a PS to a customer and it works quite well. I have customers using citrix with 20 users over a 2mbps line in Jakarta, which is to say that 2 mbps is a myth. However, it is with the understanding that we are publishing MS Word or SAP w/o audio and at 16bit colour with SpeedScreen etc. Not CAD or something to that effect.
You tested a Presentation Server against a VDI product. You should be testing Sunray against Xen Desktop. Which I think, Sunray might also prove to be superior in terms of network performance. As a VDI Sunray is very interesting, however the storage costs is quite staggering as the VDI is VMWare based.
I digress, it would be very interesting however if you were to test SSGD againsts XenApps. The network numbers will surprise you.
Good work though and an excellent reference for a thinking man.
Posted by Meraj from Singapore on January 17, 2009 at 12:42 AM PST #
Posted by Brian Madden on February 04, 2009 at 10:09 PM PST #
Thanks for the data. I thought it was great. Have you ever tested stuff with Zero-Client technologies like from Wyse or Panologic. It'd be interesting to see how something like a Pano Cube (www.prosync.com) would compare to a thin client.
Posted by Nick Lessing on March 02, 2009 at 09:52 AM PST #
I am hoping someone can answer a question sort of connected to what you talking about here in a yes/no type of way. We are currently looking at the SUN thin client solution for the design offices and really would like to know how well the system would work when accessing a CAD application (Solidworks) remotely via broadband? Would it work well or is it a non-starter?
Posted by Tim Blake on April 09, 2009 at 10:58 AM PDT #
Hi Tim,
Wish I could give you a yes/no answer. If you were to say 3D and 56K I'd say no. If you were to say 2D and a couple of Mbits I'd say it would depend on how complex the drawings were.
Posted by Thin Guy on April 09, 2009 at 11:04 AM PDT #
The drawings would be a mixture of 2D & 3D the connection speed would between 6 & 10 Mbps if that helps.
Posted by Tim Blake on April 09, 2009 at 11:24 AM PDT #
Hi Tim, yes sun ray thin clients are very useful for many CAD applications. If the app uses OpenGL you can even take the rendering to a separate box with Sun Shared Visualization.
Posted by Roland Sassen on April 09, 2009 at 12:55 PM PDT #
Hi Roland,
Thank you very much for that, I have also looked at using a Packetshaper with the Sun system to improve the remote access but I shall now go off and look into your recommendation for the Sun Shared Visualisation!
Cheers!
Posted by Tim Blake on April 10, 2009 at 03:17 AM PDT #
Hi Roland, I have looked at the suggestion you made for the visualization system and I have to say that it looks perfect. Almost everything we have been searching for is there, thank you very much. The video link on the Sun page doesn’t fit the screen box though; I think their web people need to have a look!
Posted by Tim Blake on April 10, 2009 at 03:35 AM PDT #