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Arun Gupta is a technology enthusiast, a passionate runner, and a community guy who works for Sun Microsystems.

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Monday September 28, 2009

TOTD #106: How to install Oracle Database 10g on Mac OS X (Intel) ?

This Tip Of The Day (TOTD) will explain how to install Oracle Database 10g on Mac OS X.

The official documentation is available here and is very well suited for folks with lots of time and patience. But all I wanted was to install Oracle database server up & running on my localhost so that I can start experimenting with it. All my previous entries have used either JavaDB or MySQL so far, but it's about time ;-)

I started preparing a brief tutorial after following the lengthy documentation but then found this excellent blog entry. And realized the content is looking exactly similar :-) Anyway, below are the instructions I followed and additionally also provide a snapshot of the installer windows.

For the brave of heart, complete installation guide is available in HTML and PDF. Read on for an abbreviated, and yet working version, of the instructions.

Download Oracle database 10g R2 (10.2.0.4.0) from here and unzip.
Check hardware/software requirements. (10.5.4+ required)
Create required groups/users (complete details):

Create Oracle inventory group as:

# dscl . -create /groups/oinstall
# dscl . -append /groups/oinstall gid 100
# dscl . -append /groups/oinstall passwd "*"

Create Oracle software owner as:

# dscl . -create /users/oracle
# dscl . -append /users/oracle uid uid_number
# dscl . -append /users/oracle gid oinstall_gid
# dscl . -append /users/oracle shell /bin/bash
# dscl . -append /users/oracle home /Users/oracle
# dscl . -append /users/oracle realname "Oracle software owner"

Create the home directory for Oracle user as:

# mkdir /Users/oracle
# chown oracle:oinstall /Users/oracle

Set the password for Oracle user:
```
# passwd oracle
```

Configure kernel parameters (complete details) by editing "/etc/sysctl.conf" and adding the contents:

kern.sysv.semmsl=87381
kern.sysv.semmns=87381
kern.sysv.semmni=87381
kern.sysv.semmnu=87381
kern.sysv.semume=10
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.sys.shmmax=2147483648
kernel.sys.shmmni=4096
kern.maxfiles=65536
kern.maxfilesperproc=65536
net.inet.ip.portrange.first=1024
net.inet.ip.portrange.last=65000
kern.corefile=core
kern.maxproc=2068
kern.maxprocperuid=2068

and reboot the machine for these parameters to take effect.

Configure Oracle user's environment (complete details). In the "oracle" user's home directory, create ".bash_profile" and add the following lines:
```
export DISPLAY=:0.0
export ORACLE_BASE=$HOME
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
umask 022
ulimit -Hn 65536
ulimit -Sn 65536
```

The "Basic Installation" of "Standard Edition" in an "Interactive" mode can be performed using the "Oracle Universal Installer". This installer is invoked using the script "db/Disk01/runInstaller" (complete details). The screen snapshots are shown below:

Choose "oracle" as the database password for simplicity.

and finally click on "Install" to begin the installation.

Click on "Password Management..." to unlock the sample database user ...

The output of these scripts look like:

~ > sudo /Users/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /Users/oracle/oraInventory to 770.
Changing groupname of /Users/oracle/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete

and

~ > sudo /Users/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle 10g root.sh script ...

The following environment variables are set as:
     ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
     ORACLE_HOME= /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
    Copying dbhome /usr/local/bin ...
    Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
    Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.

Click on "Installed Products..." to see the list of Oracle products installed.

There are some more steps before you can start the Oracle listener process.

Edit ".bash_profile" of "oracle" user and add the following settings:

export ORACLE_HOME=/Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

Not setting DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH gives the following error:

~ oracle$ lsnrctl start
dyld: Library not loaded: /b/227/network/lib/libnnz10.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl
  Reason: image not found
Trace/BPT trap

This was not obvious but Googling helped. Make sure to relogin for these changes to take effect.

If your Mac is using DHCP (most likely) then you may see the error shown below:

~ oracle$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for MacOS X Server: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 28-SEP-2009 14:48:49

Copyright (c) 1991, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for MacOS X Server: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/log/listener.log
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dhcp-usca14-133-197.SFBay.Sun.COM)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
  TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
   MacOS X Server Error: 49: Can't assign requested address

Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...

This error occurs because your MacBook may be running on a different IP address if rebooted after the installation and before starting the server. Fortunately, the error message is very intuitive and it's easy to fix the error by editing "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora" as shown below:

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

The changes are highlighted in the bold. Basically, add a new SID referring to "orcl". And for DHCP users the value of HOST key needs to be changed from dynamically assigned IP address to "localhost". Strangely, the Installing on DHCP Computers section of the installation guide says nothing about it :(

Additionally, for DHCP users, you need to change "$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora" as:

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /Users/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

The changes are highlighted in bold. And here as well change the value of HOST key to "localhost".

And finally, start the database using SQL*Plus as:

~ oracle$ sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Sep 28 17:44:40 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  612368384 bytes
Fixed Size                  2085872 bytes
Variable Size             167775248 bytes
Database Buffers          436207616 bytes
Redo Buffers                6299648 bytes
SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER USER HR IDENTIFIED BY hr ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
User altered.

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

The last step of unlocking the account should not be required because we explicitly unlocked the account during installation but that apparently didn't work. And I hit ORA-01033, ORA-01034, ORA-12514, ORA-12541, ORA-12547, and ORA-27101 trying different combinations to get the app working.

Anyway now re-connect to the HR sample database as:


~ oracle$ sqlplus hr/hr@orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Sep 28 17:46:19 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All Rights Reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> select table_name from user_tables;
TABLE_NAME
------------------------------
REGIONS
LOCATIONS
DEPARTMENTS
JOBS
COUNTRIES
EMPLOYEES
JOB_HISTORY

7 rows selected.

SQL> desc regions;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 REGION_ID                                 NOT NULL NUMBER
 REGION_NAME                                        VARCHAR2(25)

SQL> select * from regions;
 REGION_ID REGION_NAME
---------- -------------------------
         1 Europe
         2 Americas
         3 Asia
         4 Middle East and Africa

Note: If the database is not shutdown properly then it can be forced to do so using the command "shutdown abort" using SQL*Plus.

A complete archive of all the tips is available here.

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