Sunday October 25, 2009 | Constantin's Blooog |
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A Small and Energy-Efficient OpenSolaris Home ServerIn an earlier entry, I outlined my most important requirements for an optimal OpenSolaris Home Server. It should:
So I went shopping and did some research on possible components. Here's what I came up with: Choosing a Platform: AMD or Intel?Disclosure: My wife works for AMD, so I may be slightly biased. But I think the following points are still very valid. Intel is currently going through a significant change in architecture: The older Core 2 microarchitecture was based on the Front Side Bus (FSB), where the CPU connects to the Northbridge which contains the memory controller and connects to the memory, while also connecting to the Southbridge which connects to I/O. Now, they are switching to the new Nehalem microarchitecture which has a memory-controller built into the CPU and a scalable I/O bus called Quickpath Interconnect that connects CPUs with other CPUs and/or IO. Unfortunately, none of these architectures seem to support ECC memory at consumer level pricing. The cheapest Intel-based ECC-motherboard I could find had still more than double the cost of an AMD-based one. Even though the new Intel Core i7 series is based on Nehalem and thus could support ECC memory easily in theory, Intel somehow chose to not expose this feature. In addition, Core i7 CPUs are relatively new and there are not yet any power efficient versions available. The Intel Atom processor series may be interesting for a home server from a pure power-saving perspective, but again, Atom motherboards don't support ECC and once your workload becomes a little more demanding (like transcoding or some heavier compiling), you'll miss the performance of a more powerful CPU. AMD on the other hand has a number of attractive points for the home server builder:
So it was no suprise that even low-cost AMD motherboards at EUR 60 or below are perfectly capable of supporting ECC memory which gives you an important server feature at economic cost. My platform conclusion: Due to ECC support, low power consumption and good HyperTransport performance at low cost, AMD is an excellent platform for building a home server. AMD Athlon II X2 240e: A Great Home Server CPU
While I was shopping around for AMD Athlon CPUs and just before I was about to decide for an AMD Athlon II X2 variant, AMD offered me one of their brand new AMD Athlon II X2 240e for testing, provided that I blogged about it. Thank you, AMD! Introduced in October 20th, this CPU is part of the newest energy-efficient range of consumer CPUs from AMD. It has 2 cores (hence X2), snazzy 2.8 GHz and a 2 MB L2 cache. What's most important: The TDP for this CPU is only 45W, meaning that even under the highest stress, this CPU will never exceed 45W of power consumption. Including the memory controller. As you've guessed already, the "e" in the model number stands for "efficient". There's an important trade-off to consider for home server CPUs: For instance, the AMD Phenom II series would have been more powerful because it has an additional L3 cache, but their TDP is at 65W minimum. While big caches (both with AMD and Intel) are good for compute-intensive operations and games, they can't help much in a home server context: Home servers spend most of their non-idle time transferring data from A to B (files, videos, music) and a cache doesn't help much here, cause it's just another stop between I/O and CPU to pass by. Transferred data hardly gets re-used. Instead, for home servers, sacrificing the L3 cache for lower power consumption makes a lot of sense: You pay less for the CPU and you pay less for your power bill without sacrificing too much (if any) server relevant performance. My CPU conclusion: For home servers, AMD Athlon II "e" series are perfect, because they save power and money and do the job very well. For games you might choose a more powerful Phenom II processor, which delivers better compute power at a slightly higher power bill. Finding the Right MotherboardAfter nailing the Platform and CPU question, I needed a motherboard. This can be a confusing process: For each CPU there are different chipsets, then there are different vendors offering motherboards based on these chipset, and then they offer different variants with different features. What should a good home server motherboard offer?
Here's a very useful email thread on the OpenSolaris ZFS-discuss mailing list about CPU and motherboard options, pros and cons and user experiences. In this discussion, F.Wessels recommended the M3A78 series from Asus so I went for the M3A78-CM motherboard, which is their "business class" variant, priced at around 60 Euros and it has 6 SATA and 12(!) USB ports. My motherboard conclusion: The Asus M3A78-CM motherboard has everything I need for a home server at a very low cost, and it's proven to run OpenSolaris just fine. The Case: Antec NSK-1380I won't go into much details about the case. My goal was to find one that can support at least 4 disks while being as compact as possible. The Antec NSK-1380 was the smallest case I could find that supports 4 disks. It comes with a built-in power supply, an extra fan, some features to help with keeping noise down and it looked ok for a PC case. Miscellaneous Tips&TricksWhile putting everything together, I ran into some smaller issues here and there. Here's what I came up with to solve them:
The ResultAnd now for the most important part: How much power does the system consume? I did some testing with one boot disk and 4GB of ECC RAM and measured about 45W idle. While stressing CPU cores, RAM and the disk with multiple instances of sysbench, I could not get the system to consume more than 80W. All in all, I'm very pleased with the numbers, which are about half of what my old system used to consume. I didn't do any detailed performance tests yet, but I can say that the system feels very responsive and compile runs just rush along the screen. CPU temperature won't go beyond the low 50Cs on a hot day, despite using the lowest fan speed, so cooling seems to work well, too. I just started full 24/7 operation of my new home server this weekend, so I hope I'll have some more long-term experience about performance and stability in a few months. Meanwhile, I'm in the middle of configuring the system, installing some services and implementing a new way of managing my home server. But that's probably the topic of another blog post... Do you agree with the home server conclusions I reached in this post? Or would you suggest alternatives? Do you have experiences to share with the mentioned components? Or do you have suggestions and tips on how to get the most out of them? Let me know by posting a comment here! Many thanks go to Michael Schmid of AMD for sending me the AMD Athlon II X2 240e CPU.
"A Small and Energy-Efficient OpenSolaris Home Server" has been brought to you by Constantin's Blooog.
This entry was created on 2009-10-25 15:22:05.0 PST and is associated with the following tags:
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New OpenSolaris ZFS Home Server: Requirements![]() A few months ago, I decided it was time for a new home server. The old one (see picture) is now more than 3 years old (the hardware is 2 years older), so it was time to plan ahead for the inevitable hardware failure. Curiously enough, my old server started to refuse working with some of my external USB disks only a few weeks ago, which confirmed my need for a new system. This is the beginning of a series of blog articles around building a new OpenSolaris home server. Home Server GoalsLet's go over some goals for a home server to help us decide on the hardware. IMHO, a good home server should:
What's NextIn the next blog entry, we'll discuss a few processor and platform considerations and reveal a cool, yet powerful option that presented itself to me. Meanwhile, feel free to check out other home server resources, such as Simon Breden's blog, Matthias Pfuetzner's blog, Jan Brosowski's Blog (German) or one of the many home server discussions on the zfs-discuss mailing list. What are your requirements for a good home server? What do you currently use at home to fulfill your home server needs? What would you add to the above list of home server requirements? Feel free to add a comment below!
"New OpenSolaris ZFS Home Server: Requirements" has been brought to you by Constantin's Blooog.
This entry was created on 2009-09-19 08:24:29.0 PST and is associated with the following tags:
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Munich OpenSolaris User Group Install Fest
The building is very cool, featuring two giant parabolic slides that go all the way from 3rd floor to the ground floor. Check out some construction pictures here.
Most of the people had OpenSolaris installed already, either on their laptops or inside VirtualBox. So most of the conversation was centered around tips for setting up home server hardware, how to install the VirtualBox guest additions and why, or what the best ways are to integrate VirtualBox networking and exchange files between host and guest. I learned that sharing the host interface with the Virtual Box guest has become as painless as using NAT with the added benefit of making your guest be a first-class citizen on your network, so that's what I'll try out next. Also, the cost of 32 GB USB sticks has come way down at acceptable speed rates, so I'll try one of them to host my OpenSolaris work environment and free my local harddisk a bit. All in all, such geek gatherings are always a nice excuse to sit together and chat about the newest in technology, find new ideas and have a beer or two afterwards, so how about organizing your own OpenSolaris Installfest in your neighbourhood now? Update: The way how to set up CIFS in OpenSolaris turned out to be slightly more complicated. Please check the above slides for an updated list of commands on how to set this up. I forgot to include how to expand /etc/pam.conf and assumed this was automatic. Sorry, must be because I set this up at home a while ago...
"Munich OpenSolaris User Group Install Fest" has been brought to you by Constantin's Blooog.
This entry was created on 2009-02-27 01:50:08.0 PST and is associated with the following tags:
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POFACS Podcast: Home Servers are quickly becoming Commonplace
Now, the entertainment industry gives us many home server alternatives to choose from: Add 50-100 EUR to a USB disk's price, and you'll get a built in server that offers the space to your local network through SMB, NFS or other protocols. Microsoft has discovered this, too and they're busily debugging their Windows Home Server products. UPnP has emerged as a standard for driving audio/video components over the network from servers, be they beefed up USB disks or some machine running some OS with some server component or a real dedicated home server machine. If you use iTunes and enable the "sharing" piece, you're already running a home server. Of course, this is all driven by clients. First, people imported their music from CDs into their computers so they could listen on the go and fill their MP3 players. Then, they discovered that running a PC or even a laptop in your living room to listen to your music isn't really cool and lacks that WAF that makes or breaks most living room decisions. Soon, specialized living room clients started to pop up, such as the Roku Soundbridge or the Logitech SqueezeBox. Digital TV set-top-boxes and PVRs like the DreamBox were also early adopters of the home network by either offering TV streams on the network or using network attached storage for storing recorded TV shows. And the current generation of game consoles comes with Wifi and/or wired networking as a central part of their strategy, and they make good network media players as well. Even the traditional vendors of home entertainment equipment such as TVs, Hifi systems etc. have started to adopt some way of accepting digital audio and/or video from the network for A/V Receivers, DVD-Players, TVs etc. My current favourite, for example is the Linn Sneaky Music DS. And I applaud them for boldy migrating their records business to the digital world, in full studio master quality. You can even buy their full music catalog pre-installed on a 2TB NAS storage appliance, including UPnP server! The current edition of the POFACS Podcast (sorry, it's in German) talks about the various ways a home server can add value to your living room experience, from serving files to your family's laptops, being a backup repository to the more interesting topics of serving music for dinner in a WAF-friendly way or handling your TV recordings over the net so you don't have to worry about noisy PCs and harddisks sitting in your living room. Enjoy!
"POFACS Podcast: Home Servers are quickly becoming Commonplace" has been brought to you by Constantin's Blooog.
This entry was created on 2008-08-22 04:14:36.0 PST and is associated with the following tags:
home
it
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OpenSolaris Home Server: ZFS and USB Disks
This is the first in a small series of articles about using OpenSolaris for home server use. I did a similar series some time ago and got a lot of good and encouraging feedback, so this is an update, or a remake, or home server 2.0, if you will. I'm not much of a PC builder, but Simon has posted his experience with selecting hardware for his home server. I'm sure you'll find good tips there. In my case, I'm still using my trusty old Sun Java W1100z workstation, running in my basement. And for storing data, I like to use USB disks. USB disk advantages This is the moment where people start giving me that "Yeah, right" or "Are you serious?" looks. But USB disk storage has some cool advantages:
ZFS and USB: A Great Team But this is not enough. The beauty of USB disk storage lies in its combination with ZFS. When adding some ZFS magic to the above, you also get:
Together, USB disks and ZFS make a great team. Not enterprise class, but certainly an interesting option for a home server. ZFS & USB Tips & TricksSo here's a list of tips, tricks and hints you may want to consider when daring to use USB disks with OpenSolaris as a home server:
So, USB disks aren't bad. In fact, thanks to ZFS, USB disks can be very useful building blocks for your own little cost-effective but reliable and integrity-checked data center. Let me know what experiences you made while using USB storage at home, or with ZFS and what tips and tricks you have found to work well for you. Just enter a comment below or send me email!
"OpenSolaris Home Server: ZFS and USB Disks" has been brought to you by Constantin's Blooog.
This entry was created on 2008-05-27 13:40:54.0 PST and is associated with the following tags:
disks
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New Public Podcast: HELDENFunk (in German)
Today, we added a podcast (sorry, it's in german) to this community called "HELDENFunk". This podcast features stories from the Systemhelden.com community, tech news and other fun stuff. In this first episode, we discuss how the Systemhelden.com website is hosted in a Solaris 10 container on a Sun Fire X4200 server at our ISP Cyberways in Augsburg, then Rolf discusses how you can calculate your CO2 footprint out of your server's wattage and he introduces the Sun EcoTour, which is a mobile blog written by a journalist that rides a bike across Germany. Wolfgang Stief is our special guest, he works at Best Systeme and is in the process of setting up Solaris 10 Zones on a Sun Fire T2000 server for GUUG, the German Unix User's Group. We interview another great podcast called POFACS, the podcast for alternative computer systems and we feature Sun's Magnum Switch and a funny video about blending an Apple iPhone in our news section. Producing the podcast was great fun. We had great people in our studio (Read: conference room...) and quite a few laughs. Thanks to Marc Baumann, we had great microphones and a mixer to record with. My NI Audio Kontrol 1 audio interface, featured in an earlier blog post, proved to provide excellent recording quality. We used quite a complicated setup to conduct a phone interview over Skype but which turned to work quite well. And again, Marc edited and cut everything very nicely so everything now just sounds great. We plan to publish a new episode each month, so feel free to let us know what you'd like us to cover and what suggestions you might have. Just write to kontakt at systemhelden dot com.
"New Public Podcast: HELDENFunk (in German)" has been brought to you by Constantin's Blooog.
This entry was created on 2007-08-06 09:02:12.0 PST and is associated with the following tags:
community
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systemhelden
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web2.0
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x4200
Now That's What I Call Rock-Solid!
Sun systems have a reputation for being rock-solid, no doubt... P.S.: "Systemheld" translates to "system hero". Systemhelden.com is a community for the unsung system admin among us, in constant danger to be disbudgeted by moronic beancounters and haunted by incompetent lusers. Sometimes, their only defense is a LART-Whip.
"Now That's What I Call Rock-Solid!" has been brought to you by Constantin's Blooog.
This entry was created on 2007-07-25 12:31:07.0 PST and is associated with the following tags:
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