Roman Shaposhnik's

I don't think the following two videos answer that question, but the way they challenge ones presumptions about economy, society and money is alone worth its weight in gold. Make sure you watch them in exactly the order they appear, though:
Money as debt, by Paul Grignon:

Zeitgeist, The Movie:

P.S. I would be very interested in getting pointers to anything even remotely resembling mathematical theory behind money-as-debt concept. Any suggestions?