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Most people say, and agree on the fact that most economically successful people have their own unique economical values, which acts as a fuel for their success. In my case, I would contribute my economic value to my friendliness and human relationships, versatility, and possibility.
Friendliness is one of the proudest economical values I have. This value gives me an ability to approach to others and make a strong and positive imprint. This certainly helps, especially when I grow into an adult. Many people say that the impression of a negotiator decides the success of a business deal. Sociability will play a crucial role here. In addition, human relationships I have is also an important economical value. I have made, am making, and will make good human relationships with others. For example, in these days in KMLA, I‘ve put myself on a steady relationship with my colleagues and seniors. My friends and I would be a great help to each other-not only socially but also economically-when I grow up.
Another important economical value I have is versatility. The reason why many companies, or nations suffer economically is because they couldn't adapt to their environment. As the world changes quickly, an economically successful person would be defined as a flexible person with an ability to make a brilliant idea according to the trend. My versatility helps me to change myself rather freely to almost any kind of surroundings. Thanks to this ability, I can make a lot of economical advantage than others.
Last but not least, my possibility of further development is also one of my economic values. Many people says few are born as a natural genius, and others are trained to excavate their ability. I am still a teenager, and I surely have an infinite possibility of growing into a better, and economically effective person. With my economical values like intimacy or diversity developed through education and experience, I can strengthen myself to become a more economically powerful person.
To make a long story short, my economic values consist of amity and relationships with others, pliability in changes, and unlimited potentials. Friendliness and people I made close bonds with would be a great help for the success of any business or deals and will give various economical help to each other, while my versatility would help me to always having insight on reality and adapting to it. My possibility would enable myself to further develop other attributes I have. These are my economic values which would make myself unique.
Prompt:
"That which we obtain too easily, we esteem too lightly. It is dearness only which gives everything its value."
-Thomas Paine
Assignment:
Do we value only what we struggle for? Plan your response, and then write an essay to explain your views on this issue. Be sure to support your position with specific points and examples. (You may use personal examples or examples from your reading, observations, or, knowledge of subjects such as history, literature, science.)
“No pain, no gain” This is a cliche translated and used by almost everyone around the world. People always work hard to get what they think is valuable. It is either material goal, such as money or fame, or it can be mental goal, such as helping out others or meditation. However, it is not always true that people only value what they struggle for. People can find happiness or satisfaction from trivial things they encounter in life; they sometimes are also disappointed to find not a great value in a thing which they strived for.
Small things or meager events which were acquired accidently or effortlessly can hold great values to people. The novel, "The Catcher in the Rye" is full of things or events happening accidently which Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of the story, valued much. For one example, The music album he bought for his sister, called "The little Shirley Beans", cost only a dollar and was easy to get. However, this album always reminded his sister whenever he was drunk or fell into despair. It served as one of Holden's few connections to his family, past, and innocence. Nonetheless, he never tried to acquire this small, cheap album with great eagerness.
People sometimes find little or no value for what they struggled for. During the middle ages, the pope sent hordes of Christian army under the name of Crusades to conquer back the land of Jerusalem. The hidden and main purpose of the war was to take Jerusalem drive muslims out of the trade route so Europeans could take control of the trade with India. However, although Jerusalem fell into Christendom, the muslim empire of Turks were reluctant to give their way. Trade route were still blocked. For crusades, who lost tens of thousands of men from battle, disease, and malnutrition, their prospect was only their holy land, which was certainly a little value compared to what they sacrificed for.
To put things straight, people are not always happy about only what they struggled for. They do find a great value in things which are trivial, and sometimes, things which cost a lot does not give enough payback to those who tried really hard for it. It is true that people struggle for happiness, but it is not always true that those people struggle for gives back happiness.
++++++++++++++++++
What makes people change?
Many says that changing have to take a risk, but there is a bigger risk if change does not happen. However, there certainly are many situations which changing does not require any risk, but there is a huge risk if there is no change. In this sense, change is always needed for people. What makes people to change, however, is a point which not everyone agrees about. In my perspectives, motives for change comes from inside or outside, depending on the situation. Moreover, sometimes motivations for changing comes from internally and externally.
Internal motivation are one of the major incentive of changing. Although it is hard to have a intrinsic decision for a goal, the change from it tends to stay permanent. My personal example of my first year in middle school is a perfect case of intrinsic inducement. In my first test of the middle school, I did not study hard, thinking that I still may get decent grades like when I was in public school in Australia. The result was terrible. I faced the truth. I needed to change. I needed to study hard or unless my life would start to turn into the wrong direction. Then, I gave up many things to change myself into a 'Study-Top', a Korean nickname for kids who get great grades. As a result, the habit of studying hard and concentrating in my school works still is inherent inside me. I really changed myself.
Another kind of incentive for changing comes from outside. External motivations sometimes do give temporary change, and in other occasions, give temporary changes for a certain goal. One example of a temporary change which extrinsic changes bring is a reward. Parents can ask their children that there would be a new toy if the children's room is tidy for a week, their children may change their behavior for a week. However, when the price is given, they may stop cleaning their room and return to their older state. On the contrary, occasions such as car accidents from drink driving or heart attack from lack of exercise can be a striking external motivation to people. Those who have survived from it would never drink-drive, or start doing some exercise.
Sometimes, these two incentives combine to change people's behaviour. People like president Park Jung Hee or Biff Loman from "Death of the Salesman" are those who changed from influences from both inside and outside. President Park Jung Hee was originally a Japanese military officer in Manchuria during the occupation era, notorious for killing many Korean liberalists. When Japan lost the war and returned to its home country, he changed into a patriot. There were two reasons. First was an external one, which was execution of many of his fellow Koreans who served in Japanese army. The second was a motivation from the inside; he wanted to make Korea as strong as Japan. This changed him to become one of Korea's legendary presidents. Biff Loman, in the play "Death of a Salesman", also is expected to change. His guilt for his father's death and new determination for future serves as the internal motives of his change, while his father's legacy is an extrinsic incentive for his new life.
Changes are inevitable. People must change to develop themselves, their group, their country, and consequently, history. What makes them change comes from various origins. From inside, people make firm and strong decisions to change. From outside, people will strive hard to achieve the goal, whether it is temporary or not. Finally, the incentive for changing comes from both of these sources. These motivations will keep people from staying the same, and making our world somewhat a more diverse place.
A3x00
Command Line Procedures
INDEX
2 Setting Path
2 Checking the whole Array
3 Checking the Controllers
4 Checking the Disks
5 Checking the Logical Devices
7 Recovering Disk Problems
7 Recovering Controller Problems
8 Recovering Logical Devices
9 Upgrading Firmware
Appendices:
A Decoding rmlog.log
2 A3500 Trouble Shooting from the Command Line
Setting up the path
# ksh
# PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/osa/bin
# export PATH
This will need to be run every time you log in, unless it is added to the /.profile file.
Looking for errors
- Check /var/adm/messages
- LUNs offline
- SCSI errors
- Check rmlog.log
- # logutil /usr/lib/osa/rmlog.log
- See Attachment A for notes on how to decode the log
- See /etc/raid/raidcode.txt for more on decoding
- Look for patterns of errors in the logs
Here is some examples of useful commands, and some outputs that you might expect to see:-
# healthck -a
**********************************************************************************
Health Check Summary Information
p4u-5500a_002: Multiple Unresponsive Drives at Drive [2,2];[2,3];[2,5];[2,8];[2,9];[2,12];[2,13]
healthck succeeded!
**********************************************************************************
3
To Check Controllers
# rdacutil -i p4u-5500a_002
************************************************************************************
p4u-5500a_002: dual-active
Active controller a (c1t5d0s0) units: 0 2
Active controller b (c2t4d1s0) units: 1
rdacutil succeeded!
************************************************************************************
# lad
************************************************************************************
c1t5d0s0 1T81410687 LUNS: 0 2
c2t4d1s0 1T82623877 LUNS: 1
************************************************************************************
# storutil -c c1t5d0s0 -d
************************************************************************************
p4u-5500a_002:
Controller A: 1T81410687 ( c1t5d0s0 )
Controller B: 1T82623877 ( c2t4d1s0 )
Independent Controller Configuration: OFF
************************************************************************************
4
To Check Disks
# drivutil -i c1t5d0s0
************************************************************************************
Drive Information for p4u-5500a_002
Location Capacity Status Vendor Product Firmware Serial
(MB) ID Version Number
[1,0] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1705 00G074
[2,0] 4094 Optimal SEAGATE ST34501WCSUN4.2G 0558 LG433750
[3,0] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1705 00G072
[4,0] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1705 00G086
[5,0] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1705 00G053
[1,1] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1705 00G083
[2,1] 4094 Optimal SEAGATE ST34501WCSUN4.2G 0558 LG461369
[3,1] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1705 00G075
[4,1] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1907 00H22912
[5,1] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1907 00H22718
[1,2] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1907 00H24391
[2,2] 0 Unresponsive
[3,2] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1907 00H24741
[2,3] 0 Unresponsive
[2,4] 4094 Optimal SEAGATE ST34501WCSUN4.2G 0558 LG461444
[2,5] 0 Unresponsive
[2,8] 0 Unresponsive
[4,8] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1705 00G083
[5,8] 17274 Optimal FUJITSU MAA3182S SUN18G 1705 00G082
[2,9] 0 Unresponsive
[2,10] 4094 Optimal SEAGATE ST34501WCSUN4.2G 0558 LG432787
[2,11] 4094 Optimal SEAGATE ST34501WCSUN4.2G 0558 LG461468
[2,12] 0 Unresponsive
[2,13] 0 Unresponsive
drivutil succeeded!
************************************************************************************
5
To Check the Logical Devices (LUNs and Drive Groups)
# drivutil -d c1t5d0s0
************************************************************************************
Drives in Group for p4u-5500a_002
Group Drive List [Channel,Id]
Unassigned [3,2]; [4,8]; [5,8];
Group 1: [1,0]; [3,0]; [4,0]; [5,0];
Group 2: [2,0]; [2,1]; [2,2]; [2,3]; [2,4]; [2,5]; [2,8]; [2,9]; [2,10]; [2,11]; [2,12]; [2,13];
Group 3: [1,1]; [3,1]; [4,1]; [5,1]; [1,2];
drivutil succeeded!
************************************************************************************
# drivutil -I p4u-5500a_002
************************************************************************************
Group Information for p4u-5500a_002
Group No. of RAID No. of Total Remaining
LUNs Level Drives Space(MB) Space(MB)
Unassigned 0 - 3 51704 51704
1 1 0 4 68938 68937
2 1 1 12 24325 0
3 1 5 5 68938 0
drivutil succeeded!
************************************************************************************
6
# drivutil -p 0 c1t5d0s0
************************************************************************************
p4u-5500a_002 unit 0: optimal
drivutil succeeded!
************************************************************************************
# drivutil -l p4u-5500a_002
***********************************************************************************
Logical Unit Information for p4u-5500a_002
LUN Group Device RAID Capacity Status
Name Level (MB)
0 1 c1t5d0s0 0 1 Optimal
1 2 c2t4d1s0 1 24325 Optimal
2 3 c1t5d2s0 5 68938 Optimal
drivutil succeeded!
************************************************************************************
7 Recovery
Disks
To try and ’unfail’ a disk in the state Replaced
Failed
Unresponsive, do
# drivutil -u <drive number> <controller id>
Where <drive number> is the tray number, followed by the disk number, with no separator, and the
<controller id> is the name of the array, or the ID of the specific controller
e.g. # drivutil -u 210 c2t4d0s0
(This will ’unfail’ disk 10 on tray 2, on the controller c2t4d0s0)
If this does not work, try and manually fail the drive, and then try and ’unfail’ it again afterwards. To
fail the drive, do:
# drivutil -f <drive number> <controller id>
e.g. # drivutil -f 210 c2t4d0s0
Controllers
To ’unfail’ a controller. Normally this would succeed if the controller was held in reset (all lights on
the controller on).
# rdacutil -u <raid module specifier> or
# rdacutil -U <raid module specifier>
e.g. # rdacutil -u p4u-5500a_002
This will bring the controller back online, and should move the LUNs so that they are balanced in the
same way as before the failure. If you use the lower case ’u’ as the argument then normal checks will
be made before the controller is put back on line, and if you use the the uppercase ’U’ then the controller
will come back on line without any checks being made.
8
If required you can manually fail one of the controllers. This will automatically move the LUNs on the
controller that we are trying to fail on to the controller that will remain ’optimal’.
# rdacutil -f <id of the controller you want to fail>
# rdacutil -F <id of alternate controller to the one you want to fail>
Logical Devices
To revive a LUN from a dead state:
# drivutil -r <LUN number> <raid module specifier>
e.g. # drivutil -r 2 p4u-5500a_002
You must now run fsck on the file systems on the LUN, and then mount it, and check the data. The sanity
of this data is not guaranteed. (In fact it may be complete insane!)
9
Upgrading Firmware
To check the current version of the firmware that is installed:
# raidutil -i <controller id>
e.g. # raidutil -i c1t4d0s0
***********************************************************************************
LUNs found on c1t4d0s0
LUN 0 RAID 0 1 MB
LUN 2 RAID 5 68938 MB
Vendor ID Symbios
ProductID StorEDGE A3000
Product Revision 0205
Boot Level 02.05.01.00
Boot Level Date 12/02/97
Firmware Level 02.05.02.15
Firmware Date 09/08/98
raidutil succeeded
***********************************************************************************
To quisce the one of the controllers, so that it can be upgraded.
If the controllers are currently active/active, then run the following command
# raidutil -m 1 <raid module specifier>
e.g. # raidutil -m 1 p4u-5500a_002
This will make controller A active, and controller B passive. You can now upgrade controller B.
Run the command again, and the currently active controller will become passive, and vice versa. This
will allow you to upgrade controller A
10
Then run the following command to put the controllers back into an active/active state.
# rdacutil -m 2 -b <raid module specifier>
e.g. # rdacutil -m 2 -b c1t4d0s0
(The -b will rebalance the LUNs to a ’nominal’ configuration)
To actually do the upgrade, you will need to load the relevant patch (currently 106513), which will put
the firmware files in the usr/lib/osa/fw/ directory.
The files will be proceeded with the firmware level, and end with a suffix, such as .apd or .fcd.
e.g. /usr/lib/osa/fw/02050211.apd
All the files with the relevant firmware number prefix should be installed.
To install the firmware run the command:
# fwutil <file> <raid controller specifier>
e.g. fwutil /usr/lib/osa/fw/02050211.apd p4u-5500a_002
After the upgrades, check the firmware levels, with the command:
# raidutil -i <controller id>
e.g. # raidutil -i c1t4d0s0
Attachment A
Decoding rmlog.log
First run the command:
# logutil /usr/lib/osa/rmlog.log
Record # 409:
Host: bart
Date: 09/28/97
Time: 16:22:18
Device: c2t5d6s0
Controller: 1T1234567JT
Error Type: 06
LUN: 03
LUN Status: 01
Drive: 2E
Error Number: 3F80
Sense Data:
7000 0600 0000 0098 0000 0000 3F80 2E00
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0008 0500 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0F05 3154 3731 3332 3230 3736
2020 2020 2020 0204 1D00 0003 0100 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0050 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000
The first line tells you the event number, followed by the
name of the host. Next is the date, time of the event. The drive
invloved, the controller serial number of the A3000 controller invloved.
Next would be the type of error, the LUN number, the location of the
actual drive, the error number and then the sense data.
LUN Status Definition:
00 => Optimal condition
20 => Optimal with parity scan in progress
01 => Degraded LUN- waiting for repair action
41 => Degraded LUN - replaced drive being formatted.
02 => Degraded LUN - replaced drive being reconstructed
04 => Dead LUN
44 => Dead LUN - format in progress
54 => Dead LUN - creation in progress
74 => Dead LUN - wrong drive removed/replaced
Error Number Definition:
This information is in the raidcode.txt on the sonoma page or
in RM6 6.1
Error Type:
This will always be byte 2 in the sense data, they are defined as
follows:
00 => No Sense
01 => Recovered Error
02 => Not Ready
03 => Medium Error
04 => Hardware Error
05 => Illegal Request
06 => Unit Attention
07 => Data Protect
0B => Aborted Command
0E => Miscompare
In the example above, you can see that it is telling you that the error
has to do with "Unit Attention:.
Drive Location:
The 362x controller reports drive location start with byte offset 0, and
going from bottom to top, it would be 0,1,2,3 and 4. This would correspond
with drive channels 1,2,3,4 and 5 that RM6 uses. The drives are targeted
from 8 thru E in the firmware. In our example above of drive location
2E, that would be the third tray from the bottom and the last drive in the
tray. RM6 would see this drive 3,14.
Sense Data Decoding:
Byte 2 is the sense key inforamtion
byte 7 is Additional Sense Length, this value will indicate the number
of additional sense bytes to follow.
Bytes 8-11 will always be zero unless the has been unsuccessful Reassign
blocks.
Bytes 12-13, this information is in the raidcode.txt file or on the sonoma
web page.
Byte 14, Field Replaceable Unit Code, this is also in the raidcode.txt file.
Bytes 37-40, Error Detection Point, will indicate were in the software
the error was detected.
Bytes 52-53, Host Descriptor:
LSB:
bit 0 => data is being transfered 16-bit wide
bit 1 => Reserved
bit 2 => wide negotiation completed successfully
bit 3-7 => Reserved
MSB:
0 => Message using host
1 => Reselectable host
2 => data is being transferred synchronously(bit off means
asynchronously data transfer)
3 => synchronous negotiation successful
4 => Reserved
5 => AEN supported
6 => Polled AEN supported
7 => Reserved
Bytes 54-69, Controller serial number
Bytes 70-73, Array software Revision
Byte 75, LUN Number
Byte 76, LUN status
Byte 101, Raid Level, a value off 255 indicates that the LUN Raid
level is undefined
To break down on sense data a little:
byte 2 7 1213 14
7000 0600 0000 0098 0000 0000 3F80 2E00 sense data
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 sense data
byte 37 38
0000 0000 0008 0500 0000 0000 0000 0000 sense data
byte 5253 5455 5657 5859 6061 6263
0000 0000 0F05 3154 3731 3332 3230 3736 sense data
byte6465 6667 6869 7071 7273 75 76
2020 2020 2020 0204 1D00 0003 0100 0000 sense data
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 sense data
byte 101
0000 0000 0050 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 sense data
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 000 sense data
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